CLASS 12 (Chemistry) 2023 new book sindh text book chapter no 13 complete

  XII NEW BOOK CHEMISTRY CHAPTER NO 13.

This chapter is known as" general group trends of representative elements 

INTRODUCTION.

the first page is  about periodic table arrangements  in which atomic numbers and electronic configuration is added as well as their properties.

according to consistence of periodic table its long term consist of seven horizontal rows which is named as periods and eighteen vertical coulomb called groups.in periodic table their are two types of it sub group A and sub group B from which group A belongs to representative elements while group B belongs to transition elements. The types of orbital being filled by balance electron as modern research

their are only four block in the modern periodic table which are named as .s-block , p-block; d-block and f-block. 

As for their location on periodic table the s-block elements located at the extreme left side and s-block elements consists of two groups I-A and II-A .where group I-A called alkali metals having valence configuration  ns1 and group II-A called alkaline earth metals having valence configuration ns2

for the p-block elements it is located at extreme right side having group from III-A to VIII-A these elements possess the valence configuration from ns2 np1 to ns2 np6

for the d-block elements they are located at middle of the modern periodic table and covered up all sub groups of periodic table

the next page is about general group trends of representative elements as shown

the next page is about electronegitivity  and trends of groups

the next page is about  group trends and ionization energy as shown 

the next page is about electrical conductivity 

 

the next page will release soon